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Leks
When populations come under direct selection, you would expect female preference to evolve to a maximum fecundity; leks can sometimes be seen as a bit of a paradox because female choice of a mate does not influence her fecundity but her mating preferences have evolved under the circumstances. However, recent studies have shown that this may not be the case.
Robertson (1990) and Bourne (1993) both did independent work on the frogs Uperolia laevigata and Ololygon rubra (respectively) and found that the females would select males of certain sizes to maximise fertility probability due to the difference in size between the 2 sexes affecting the actual mechanism of external reproduction.
